U.S. consumer prices increased solidly in February amid higher costs for gasoline and shelter, suggesting stickiness in inflation that cast some doubts on whether the Federal Reserve would start cutting interest rates in June.
February marked the second straight month of firmer
inflation readings. Inflation-weary Americans, however, got some relief from
their grocery bills, as food prices were unchanged. U.S. central bank
officials, including Fed Chair Jerome Powell have indicated they are in no rush
to start lowering borrowing costs.
The higher cost of living is one of the key issues in the
Nov. 5 U.S. presidential election.
"Officials want to see some more evidence of a
sustained deceleration in prices towards target before they pivot to rate
cuts," said Rubeela Farooqi, chief U.S. economist at High Frequency
Economics. "The latest data further reinforce the case for a patient and
vigilant approach from Fed officials as they consider future policy
decisions."
The consumer price index (CPI) rose 0.4% last month after
climbing 0.3% in January, the Labor Department's Bureau of Labor Statistics
(BLS) said on Tuesday. Gasoline prices rebounded 3.8% after declining 3.3% in
January. Shelter, which includes rents, rose 0.4% after advancing 0.6% in the
prior month.
These two categories contributed more than 60% to the
monthly increase in the CPI. Food prices were unchanged after rising 0.4% in
January. There were decreases in the prices of dairy products, fruits and
vegetables as well as nonalcoholic beverages. But prices for cereals and bakery
products rose while meat, fish and eggs were slightly more expensive.
In the 12 months through February, the CPI increased 3.2%,
after advancing 3.1% in January.
Economists polled by Reuters had forecast the CPI would gain
0.4% on the month and increase 3.1% on a year-on-year basis. The annual
increase in consumer prices has slowed from a peak of 9.1% in June 2022, but
progress has stalled in recent months.
Financial markets continue to expect the Fed will cut rates
in June. Since March 2022, the U.S central bank has raised its policy rate by
525 basis points to the current 5.25%-5.50% range.
U.S. stocks opened higher. The dollar rose against a basket
of currencies. U.S. Treasury prices fell.
UPWARD SPIRAL
"Something is wrong with the market's assessment
because services prices continue to spiral upward and commodity prices are no
longer falling like they did, which helped to slow inflation's advance,"
said Christopher Rupkey, chief economist at FWDBONDS.
Inflation picked up in January, which was largely blamed on
price raises at the start of the year by service providers, which economists
said were not fully addressed by the model used by the government to strip out
seasonal fluctuations from the data.
There was also a jump in owners' equivalent rent (OER), a
measure of the amount homeowners would pay to rent or would earn from renting
their property, which diverged from rents. That was partly the result of some
methodology changes by the government.
The BLS last week held a webinar to discuss the underlying
methodology related to the January OER and rent data.
"There is a high likelihood that OER inflation will
exceed rent inflation more often moving forward," said Stephen Juneau, an
economist at Bank of America Securities. "However, we think that much of
the 20 basis points divergence was noise and not signal. Rent and OER inflation
should continue to moderate over the course of this year, helping to drive core
inflation lower as goods price deflation dissipates."
Excluding the volatile food and energy components, the CPI
increased 0.4% last month after rising by the same margin in January. Shelter
was also the main driver of the so-called core CPI. Rents increased 0.5% after
gaining 0.4% in January. OER climbed 0.4% after surging 0.6% in the prior
month.
Airline fares accelerated 3.6% after rising 1.4% in January.
Motor vehicle insurance cost 0.9% more. There were also increases in the prices
of apparel, recreation, used cars and trucks. But the cost of healthcare was
unchanged after rising 0.5% in the prior month. Hospital services costs
decreased 0.6% and prescription medication was slightly cheaper. The cost of
dental services, however, increased 0.4%.
In the 12 months through February, the core CPI advanced
3.8%. That was the smallest year-on-year increase since May 2021 and followed a
3.9% rise in January.
The Fed tracks the personal consumption expenditures price
indexes for its 2% inflation target. These measures are running at tamer rates
than the CPI. Though job growth accelerated in February, the unemployment rate
increased to a two-year high of 3.9% and annual wage inflation moderated a bit.