In what has been billed as one of the largest gatherings of global leaders in recent history, world leaders from President Barack Obama to Cuba's Raul Castro gathered alongside street sweepers, actors and religious figures to pay tribute to the revered statesman who died last Thursday.
Despite the heavy rain, the atmosphere inside Johannesburg 's FNB stadium was celebratory, with people dancing, blowing "vuvuzela" plastic horns and singing songs from the anti-apartheid struggle.
Many carried banners honoring "Madiba," Mandela's traditional clan name, or his picture. Others were draped in materials covered with his face or the green, yellow, black, red and blue colors of the South African flag.
Some had skipped work and queued for hours to secure a seat so that they could pay their respects at the stadium where Mandela delivered his first major speech after his release from prison. .
The four-hour service began with a military band playing the national anthem before South Africa's presidents -- past and present -- were introduced. There was a loud cheer from the crowd for F.W. de Klerk, the last leader of white South Africa, who shared a Nobel Peace Prize with Mandela for helping to end apartheid.
The joyous cries died down as speeches from Mandela's family members as well as a fellow Robben Island prison inmate began. Anguished faces listened quietly as a sorrowful chant to "Tata Madiba" filled the air. "Tata" means "father" in Mandela's Xhosa tribe.
READ: The official program
The stadium, which can seat around 90,000 people, filled up as guests such as British Prime Minister David Cameron, United Nations Secretary General Ban Ki-moon, a speaker at the event, and Liberian President Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf arrived. Nobel Peace Prize laureate Archbishop Desmond Tutu and South African President Jacob Zuma were among the first to arrive at the stadium.
The world has lost a friend and mentor, Ban said at the service. "We join together in sorrow for a mighty loss and the celebration of a mighty life. What a wonderful display of this 'Rainbow Nation.' "
Members of The Elders, a group of retired statesmen founded by Mandela and others were also in attendance, including former UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan and former U.S. President Jimmy Carter
The crowds cheered loudly and clapped as a huge screen showed famous faces, namely for the arrival of Obama.
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| Mandela in the office of Mandela & Tambo, a law practice set up in Johannesburg by Mandela and Oliver Tambo to provide free or affordable legal representation to black South Africans. |
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| From left: Patrick Molaoa, Robert Resha and Mandela walk to the courtroom for their treason trial in Johannesburg. |
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| Mandela married his second wife, social worker Winnie Madikizela, in 1958. At the time, he was an active member of the African National Congress and had begun his lifelong commitment to ending segregation in South Africa. |
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| Nelson and Winnie Mandela raise their fists to salute a cheering crowd upon his 1990 release from Victor Verster Prison. He was still as upright and proud, he would say, as the day he walked into prison 27 years before. |
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| A jubilant South African holds up a newspaper announcing Mandela's release from prison at an ANC rally in Soweto on February 11, 1990. Two days later, more than 100,000 people attended a rally celebrating his release from jail. |
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| Mandela and Zambian President Kenneth Kaunda arrive at an ANC rally on March 3, 1990, in Lusaka, Zambia. Mandela was elected president of the ANC the next year. |
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| After his release in 1990, Mandela embarked on a world tour, meeting U.S. President George H.W. Bush at the White House in June. |
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| At his Soweto home on July 18, 1990, Mandela blows out the candles on his 72nd birthday cake. It was the first birthday he celebrated as a free man since the 1960s. |
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| Mandela and his wife react to supporters during a visit to Brazil at the governor's palace in Rio De Janeiro, on August 1, 1991. |
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| South African President Frederik de Klerk, right, and Mandela shared a Nobel Peace Prize in 1993 for their work to secure a peaceful transition from apartheid rule. |
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| Mandela votes for the first time in his life on March 26, 1994. |
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| On April 27, 1994, a long line of people snake toward a polling station in the black township of Soweto outside of Johannesburg in the nation's first all-race elections. |
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| Mandela in Mmabatho for an election rally on March 15, 1994. |
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| Mandela was elected president in the first open election in South African history on April 29, 1994. He's pictured here taking the oath at his inauguration in May, becoming the nation's first black president |
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| Mandela, left, cheers as Springbok Rugby captain Francois Pienaar holds the Webb Ellis trophy high after winning the World Cup Rugby Championship in Johannesburg on June 24, 1995. |
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| After one term as president, Mandela stepped down. Thabo Mvuyelwa Mbeki, at right, was sworn in as his replacement in June 1999. |
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| Mandela became president of the African National Congress Youth League in 1951. |
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| Nelson Mandela, the prisoner-turned-president who reconciled South Africa after the end of apartheid, died on Thursday, December 5, according to the country's president, Jacob Zuma. Mandela was 95. |
Mandela's widow, Graca Machel, and his former wife Winnie Mandela embraced and kissed as they arrived.
Paying tribute to his uncle, General Thanduxolo Mandela gave thanks to the outpouring of respect from around the world.
"This universal show of unity is a true reflection of all that Madiba stood for -- peace, justice, unity of all mankind," he said.
"Let us pledge to keep Madiba's dream alive."
With 91 heads of state attending, security was tight.
Working off plans developed for years in secret, the South African government is using an elite military task force, sniper teams and canine teams to help secure the stadium, CNN's Arwa Damon reported Monday. In addition, helicopters and military jets frequently fly overhead.
"Should anybody, anything dare to disturb or disrupt this period of mourning and finally taking and accompanying the former president to his last resting place, then that person will be dealt with," Brig. Gen. Xolani Mabanga said Monday.
South African officials won't give details about their security plans -- how many police officers, how many troops, precautions to keep the stadium weapons- and explosives-free.
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| Dignitaries from all over the world stand at the beginning of the memorial service. |
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| Mandela's face looms large on a billboard inside FNB Stadium. |
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| President Barack Obama addresses the crowd during the memorial service. |
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| U.N. Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon, left, and South African President Jacob Zuma stand during the memorial service. |
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| Mandela's ex-wife, Winnie Madikizela-Mandela, left, and his widow, Graca Machel, right, sit near each other during the memorial service. |
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| Former Archbishop Desmond Tutu, right, arrives with former U.N. Secretary-General Kofi Annan at FNB Stadium. |
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| Singer Bono and actress Charlize Theron attend the memorial service |
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| Cuban President Raul Castro arrives for the memorial service. |
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| World leaders, including former French President Nicolas Sarkozy, top second left, and French President Francois Hollande, top second right, attend the memorial service. |
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| South Africa Rugby Union captain Francois Pienaar waits for the memorial service to begin. |
"But we can assure that all necessary steps have been taken, and that is why the leadership of the world and former leaders of the world have confidence to come to our country at this time to share with us this moment," said Minister in the Presidency Collins Chabane.
The event promises to rival other significant state funerals in recent decades, such as that of former British Prime Minister Winston Churchill in 1965 and the 2008 funeral of Pope John Paul II, which attracted some 2 million people to Rome -- among them four kings, five queens, at least 70 presidents and prime ministers and the leaders of 14 other faiths.
At that event, metal detectors and some 15,000 members of security forces stood watch.
Security was also stepped up outside Mandela's home, where crowds showed up with umbrellas to show their appreciation of a man they said represented unity. Some even said they missed work for the occasion.
"We want to respect our father of the nation, our father of the country. That is why we left work to pay that respect to him," one South African told CNN.
U.S. official: South Africa experienced at hosting crowds
U.S. officials are satisfied with security arrangements.
"We have not heard any concerns," Deputy National Security Adviser Ben Rhodes told reporters aboard Air Force One as President Barack Obama flew to South Africa.
"The South Africans hosted the World Cup, so they have experience hosting significant crowds and managing events like this, although clearly this is really a unique event in world history, given the number of leaders coming to pay their respects, as well as the people of South Africa."
Given Mandela's ailing health, the U.S. Secret Service made some arrangements in advance, a Secret Service spokesman said. But work that would usually take months to complete has been done in less than a week, the spokesman said.
"It's a compressed timeline, but there are certain protocols we must have in place for any trip," the spokesman said.
Those protocols involve securing the president's motorcade route and hotel rooms and doing security walk-throughs.
The spokesman declined to offer specific details on security measures at the stadium.
While Tuesday's memorial is the first major event honoring Mandela since his death, it won't be the last.
A state funeral will be held Sunday in Mandela's ancestral hometown of Qunu in South Africa's Eastern Cape province.
Send us your stories, memories and photographs of the Nobel Peace prize winner and former South African president.
Presidents set to speak at service
Among the speakers at Tuesday's memorial will be Obama, who like Mandela was his nation's first black president. Obama has cited Mandela as his own inspiration for entering politics.
Other guests include the Prince of Wales, Cameron, as well as celebrities such as Oprah Winfrey and Naomi Campbell.
Crews worked overtime Monday to prepare stadium or the service.
The government has set up overflow locations at stadiums and other facilities throughout the country.
With private vehicles banned from the area around the stadium, the government pressed buses from around the country into service and stepped up train service to move the crowds.
In Soweto township, where Mandela lived before he was imprisoned for 27 years, people waited for three hours for buses to take them to the stadium. Unfazed by the wait, they sang and danced.
In addition to Obama and Ban, the presidents of Brazil, Namibia, India, Cuba and South Africa are expected to speak at the service, as are family members, friends and others.
Monday events
South Africa's Parliament reconvened Monday for an afternoon of speeches and memorials to Mandela. Dozens of members of parliament spoke.
"The world over, his name has evolved into a metaphor," Deputy President Kgalema Motlanthe said. "The name Nelson Mandela has entered the pantheon of history's sages."
Out of the public eye, friends who had not seen each other in years have been coming together with Mandela's family in his home, said Zelda la Grange, Mandela's longtime personal assistant.
Mandela called la Grange his "rock," even though she seemed an unlikely confidante. She was a white Afrikaner and an employee of the former apartheid government.
In her first interview since Mandela's death, she described the mood in his home to CNN's Robyn Curnow on Monday.
"Obviously there's sadness in the house," she said, but also, "People are celebrating Madiba's life. They are grateful." She referred to Mandela by well-known clan name.